Burning Conflict: Tensions between Countries in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, with its cultural diversity and abundant natural resources, faces various tensions that have the potential to trigger conflict. One of the main issues is territorial disputes in the South China Sea. Countries such as Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei have claims to resource-rich islands and maritime boundaries. At the same time, China claims almost the entire region, leading to ever-increasing tensions. Another tension arises from the Rohingya case in Myanmar. The humanitarian crisis hitting the Rohingya ethnic minority has sparked international protests and discontent in neighboring countries such as Thailand and Bangladesh. Many refugees fleeing Myanmar are causing a social and economic burden on these countries. Trade and economic issues are also a source of conflict. Competition to attract foreign investment between countries such as Thailand and Vietnam creates a competitive atmosphere, sometimes accompanied by protectionist policies that harm economic partners. For example, Vietnam’s rise as a manufacturing hub has stimulated trade tensions with Thailand, which fears a decline in investment. In addition, environmental problems often trigger tensions. Forest fires in Indonesia, which cause haze, affect countries such as Singapore and Malaysia. The resulting offshore transnational air pollution sparked outrage, providing opportunities for increased regional cooperation, but also diplomatic conflict. Tensions in Southeast Asia are influenced by the intervention of major powers, especially the US and China. The US approach to strengthening its defense alliances in the region often runs counter to China’s interests. This tension has the potential to draw ASEAN countries into a wider conflict, undermining regional stability. In relation to potential conflict candidates, issues of ethnicity and nationalism are increasingly prominent. In countries like the Philippines, separatists in Mindanao present the government with major challenges in maintaining security and stability. Ancient grievances and aspirations for autonomy often create protracted armed conflicts. Social capital also plays an important role in overcoming tensions. Countries that are able to manage inter-ethnic relations and encourage dialogue between communities have the potential to be more stable. For example, Malaysia’s efforts to strengthen unity among various ethnic groups help maintain domestic security. Over time, these conflicts could affect the social and economic development of not only the countries directly involved, but also the entire region. An inclusive, collaborative approach, including strengthening ASEAN’s role, can help create a peaceful solution to this heated conflict. Building a commitment to mutual respect for sovereignty, sharing of resources and constructive dialogue will be key to resolving tensions and preventing further conflict. In dealing with tensions, Southeast Asia must strive to establish diplomacy and coordination functions. Strengthening regional forums such as ASEAN can be an effective platform for discussing issues that trigger tensions. A joint approach that focuses on peace, humanity and prosperity can help regional countries to avoid costly conflicts and produce mutually beneficial collaborations.